The invention relates to methods for artificial semi-precious stones, in particular turquoise, and can be used for the production of consumer goods. This goal is achieved by conducting a mixture of copper-containing and aluminum-containing compounds, phosphoric acid and additives at room temperature, heat treatment at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 110-130 o C for 0.25-0.5 h, grinding and pressing under pressure 12, 5 - 25 kbar and room temperature, and as additives use compounds containing alkaline-earth metals. 4 h. the item f., 1 tab.
The invention relates to methods for artificial semi-precious stones, in particular turquoise, and can be used for the production of consumer goods.
A method of obtaining synthetic turquoise, including the displacement of finely grated sulfates and phosphates of metals and heating the mixture. The disadvantage of this method is the fact that studying it under a microscope reveals a spotty structure that is not typical of natural turquoise.
The closest to the claimed technical solution is a method of obtaining a binder, which includes mixing the copper salt and phosphoric acid when heated, then adding aluminum hydroxide to the intermediate. product and its destruction. In addition, the absence of the pressing stage and the removal of by-products (except for the compounds that make up turquoise) leads to a decrease in the density of the material, mechanical strength (when grinding and processing crumbles) and very long hardening after final mixing for several days at room temperature.
The proposed method eliminates these disadvantages.
The essence of the invention consists in mixing copper-containing, aluminum-containing components, phosphoric acid and possible additives containing alkaline-earth metals, at room temperature, heat treatment is carried out at 110-130 o C for 0.25-0.5 h, grinding and pressing under pressure of 12.5-25 kbar at room temperature.
The difference of the proposed method is that the displacement of all components is carried out at room temperature, heat treatment at 110-130 o C for 0.25-0.5 h, grinding is carried out after heat treatment, and then pressed under a pressure of 12.5-25 kbar at room temperature.
Mixing all the components at room temperature shortens the synthesis time and simplifies the technology; heating the components when mixing is impractical, since further heat treatment at atmospheric pressure outside a closed mold does not require prior removal of water and drying.
Heat treatment at atmospheric pressure at a temperature of 110-130 o C allows both removal of excess water after mixing the reagents and completion of all chemical and physico-chemical processes that occur during mixing. To carry out heat treatment at a higher temperature is impractical because an excessive temperature increase can lead to the destruction of crystalline hydrates, giving the necessary color to the material, heating below 110 ° C does not allow to remove excess solvent.
Conducting heat treatment for more than half an hour does not make sense, since all the necessary processes have time to end for the specified time. Heating and holding less than 15 minutes is not sufficient to evaporate the solvent, which can lead to lower strength of the final product.
Grinding should be carried out after heat treatment, and not before it, since carrying out heat treatment in an open crucible does not require an increase in the surface to remove the solvent, which is achieved by carrying out the process at atmospheric pressure and a temperature of a slightly higher boiling point of the solvent; in order to place the semi-product in the container for pressing, the crumbling of the formed lumps and individual crystals is necessary. In addition, when grinding and placing in a container, a large homogenization of the product is achieved.
Pressing is carried out at room temperature, since simultaneous heating during pressing is unnecessary, adjustment of the composition and the reaction are completed during heat treatment prior to pressing. The pressing pressure of 12.5-25 kbar allows to obtain a product with the properties of natural turquoise, while the use of lower pressures reduces the strength of the material obtained, the use of higher pressures leads to a density higher than the density of natural turquoise, and to structural deviations.
Adding to a mixture of compounds containing alkaline-earth metals allows to obtain samples with a smoother and more shiny surface than samples of all other compositions.
PRI me R 1. In a glass beaker mix 11.1 g (CuOH)2WITH3, 30.6 g Al (OH)3, 45 g (26.5 ml) of 85% concentrated H3Ro4. The mixture is placed in an oven and incubated for 15 minutes at 110 ° C. After cooling, the product is triturated in a mortar, a few drops of (2-3) acid solution are added (H3Ro4 conc. and H2About in the ratio 1: 1), placed in a container of the type "toroid" and treated with a pressure of 12.5 kbar for 15 minutes.
After removing the pressure from the container, a sample of a cylindrical shape of blue-green color, similar to the color of natural turquoise, is taken out. The density of the obtained material is 2.61 g / cm 3, Mohs' hardness is 4. X-ray phase analysis made for natural turquoise obtained by the proposed method showed the identity of the spectra with more diffuse peaks in the case of natural turquoise. When the sample is immersed in water and aged for 10-12 hours, the sample does not change.
The results of some other experiments are presented in the table.
Copper (II) oxide, copper phosphates, any easily decomposed copper salts during heat treatment, and oxides, hydroxides, and phosphates easily decomposed during salt heat treatment can be used as a copper-containing component.
The density of all samples obtained by the proposed method is 2.58-2.63 g / cm 3, the Mohs hardness is 4.
Thus, a comparison of the proposed method with the prototype showed that the use of the modes and sequence of operations indicated in the prototype is unsuitable for obtaining a quality product even when using the prototype formulation, the presence of soluble copper and aluminum salts in the composition of the product according to the prototype formulation leads to their leaching and destruction material. In addition, the application of the proposed method allows you to quickly without additional drying to get the product almost indistinguishable in their properties from natural turquoise.
1. METHOD FOR OBTAINING SYNTHETIC TURNEY, including mixing phosphoric acid with copper and aluminum-containing compounds, grinding and heat treatment, characterized in that the mixing of all compounds is carried out at room temperature, grinding is carried out after mixing and heat treatment, followed by pressing under a pressure of 12.5 - 25.0 kbar.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat treatment is carried out at 110 - 130 o C.
3. The method according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, characterized in that the heat treatment is carried out for 0.25 - 0.5 h.
4. Method PP. 1-3, characterized in that the pressing is carried out at room temperature.
5. The method according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the mixture is fed to compounds containing alkaline earth metals.
Compatibility: anime and black-turquoise hair
There are several options of turquoise color, which is explained by the desire of the manufacturers of cosmetics to get their shades and create a wide palette, surprising customers. Each of them fits different people. Although in general the turquoise tint of hair can be called universal.
Electric blue has good compatibility with fair skin and gray or blue eyes. Neon blue can dye the hair of any woman who wants her hair glow in the dark. Light turquoise shade looks great on a background of blue eyes. And dark-turquoise paint is recommended to pay attention to the dark-skinned women.
Coloring options for girls
There are many ways to change hair color. The simplest and most logical is to contact the salon, where you will find the right paint to match your mood in a relatively short period of time. Although this method is more expensive, and leave her hair turquoise for a long time.
In addition to the use of paint (which can be applied in the home), there are two more techniques:
You can dye only strands
Variants with the use of homemade paints should not be considered because of the danger of the way to health. Therefore, the number of methods is considered to be three.
Features of dyeing and care for the tips of turquoise hair
The main feature of staining in a turquoise color is the need for bleaching curls. Sometimes you have to do it repeatedly - especially the owner of dark hair. Get a good result, without discoloration strands, can only platinum blondes.
It is worth noting that for brunettes the use of dyes to obtain a turquoise hue is generally not recommended, since several bleaching in a row leads to deterioration of the hair. It is for them that the use of crayons is recommended.
After the procedure, the color lasts a long time, as the paint is washed off badly. However, after each wash, the hair will dull. Fresh tint will have to renew using a tonic. In addition, bright hair can detect flaws much better than dark ones. Therefore, their owner will often have to wash her hair and tint the tips, especially noticeable against the turquoise background.
Using paint and tonic
Getting turquoise hair color using paint of the appropriate shade (professionals recommend using Manic Panic Turquoise) is not so easy. Everyone except blondes will have to pre-bleach their hair. And, if this is done several times, it is recommended to stand between procedures for at least a week in order not to damage the hair.
Before dyeing, wash your head thoroughly - but not on the same day when the procedure is to be performed, because the color on the dirty hair is better and the skin is less irritated.
The palette of Manic Panic Turquoise is wide and interesting.
Now the person who performs the procedure (the salon master or who agreed to help a friend) should perform the following steps:
After applying the paint, you should comb your hair, increasing the uniformity of coloring. Next, put on a shower cap that helps not to stain clothes, and wait at least half an hour. The exact time is determined depending on the degree of intensity of the desired colors.
Option with crayons
If necessary, dye your hair without discoloration and make it much faster, use special crayons. Prior to such coloring, the hairstyle is treated with a balm to avoid drying out. You should also give your hair the desired amount and apply on them chalk, which can be in the form of pastels or shadows. The first option requires dilution with water.
Crayons - an interesting option
To fix the color of the hair is treated with varnish. The resulting shade lasts for 1-2 days or a pair of shampooing procedures.
50 shades of green. UPDATE 11/28/17: MINUS STAR # Turquoise_volos on blondy - we make "Verdepom" hair or hair of "Toad in Love". Balsam Colorista - get what you didn’t expect!
Even before they began to advertise Colorista, I was already eager to buy up the whole series and in turn smear the hair with it all.
Choosing a shelf with shades of Colorista was insanely difficult! I wanted and pink, and fiery red, and turquoise. My husband, skeptically pursing his lips and frowning, uttered a witness to my desperate rush between jars: "Yes, what's the difference in what color you paint, if you still be GREEN?".
And the fact is that I have many years of experience in using Tonics behind my back, after which I’ve certainly turned green and lilac:
Life teaches me nothing. But this is L'oreal, he definitely will not fail.
A month earlier, I have successfully lightened hair Colorista Bleach, therefore, in Colorista was 100% sure.
And I recently triedspray COLOR (look here!)
So, I decided that all there are pale pink and purple - too easy to change so vary! And zahapala wonderful beauty shade # Turquoise_hairs. On blonde hair. Yes Yes.
And the instruction on the fact that the shade for dark brown hair (and lighter) did not stop me at all, but it would be brighter in blonde. Well, okay! So even more fun!
In the package we see a jar with balm, instructions and gloves.
The instruction offers us three ways to use the balm. I decided to make a "color Ombre".
But first, of course, being a man experienced in the use of tonics, I tried a balm on three strands (with an exposure of 15 minutes and 30 minutes). And got a GREEN color.
This fact did not stop me at all, and I still dyed my long-suffering hair. Exposure 30 minutes. Easy to apply. Less than half of the tube was spent on thick hair, so enough for one more “Ombre”.
The balm itself has a delicate blue color. And despite the accuracy, blue balsam with ease of bathroom sink and sink, blue spots are difficult to clean, even after 3-5 minutes of delay.
Here's what I got:
I must say, the photo has significantly improved the result, in fact, the hair has a pronounced green tint. And turquoise, in my humble opinion, should look a little different)
The only photo, more or less close to the original, but in fact the color is perfectly reflected on the left side of the picture: from the “love toad” to the “verdepomovy”
Hair acquired all shades of green. The unevenness of staining, I can explain the heterogeneity of the original hair color.
But I like the result in principle. I am satisfied with the vigor and acidity of the color, but I sincerely hope that the color will wash out of the clarified strands.
Apparently, the balm was “eaten up” thoroughly, the water when flushing was clean, although the same “Tonic” immediately begins to wash out of the hair.
As the color is washed out, I will supplement the review.
I liked the balm, except that the final shade is difficult to guess, for it is a minus.
But now my husband can say with pride (or shame) that he lives with Malvina. Well, or Kikimora.
UPDATE 04.10.17
About two weeks have passed since the dyeing. During this time, I washed 5 times, soap and rubbed my green tips with frenzy. Greens flow heavily from the hair, but not very eager to wash out.
The hair became even more swampy in color, and the moisturizing effect of a soft balm, to which I was so happy, was washed out after the first wash of hair. The tips have become dry and hard as a centenary bast. Rescues plentiful shaving of hair with the moisturizing balm. I suspect that in the end I will have to cut off the tips (and this, by the way, is almost 20 cm.). For such hair drying I take away a star
UPDATE 11.10.17
The ends of the hair are still withered and depleted, and probably cannot be restored. Although with proper moisturizing they look good and do not even split, so while I am busy with scissors.
But the color, or rather its washability, makes me happy. He became much brighter, acquired a truly turquoise hue, which is much more pleasant to the eye.
UPDATE 28.11.17
So friends! What did my experiment lead to?
My "Verdepom greenery" almost completely disappeared, leaving only a memory of itself in the form of a light bog, almost unnoticeable to ignorant people. Finally, the bog did not want to leave me, although I was not particularly opposed.
But the tips of the hairs burned by the experiment prayed for a quick death and their deliverance from torment. I had to take pity and chew over20 cm of hair length!
I must say, to this outcome, I was ready and had long wanted to have a short haircut, so I was not upset. But if you are not ready for such image changes - stop! Do not touch the colorist!)
Pure color concentrate - neutralize or add brightness
Masters hairdressers work with correctors on the same principle as with the main colors in the palette. At the same time, a color wheel is used to determine the desired color of the mixton.
Color wheel with primary, secondary and tertiary colors
Mixtones are chromatic colors that are divided non-primary, secondary, tertiary, and further down the list. Most often, the first two groups are used in mixtones.
- Primary colors are independent, they cannot be obtained by mixing, the hairdressing spectrum is yellow, red and blue.
- Secondary colors are obtained by mixing the two primary colors. For example, blue with yellow give green.
Neutralization of unwanted tones
The basic essence of neutralizing the shade is that you need to take a color located in the color wheel opposite to the shade that needs to be eliminated - this will allow you to get a neutral color when mixed.
The task of the master is to correctly calculate the proportions and color of the corrector for the application of mutual absorption.
- For example: to remove the green color, you need to add a red micone to the dye.
- If it is necessary to remove the yellowness that occurs after bleaching, add a purple concealer to the paint. He is in a circle opposite the yellow one.
To solve this kind of problem, miconest is added to the dye in a small amount, and the lighter the hair, the less corrector should be.
This is due to the fact that such hair is characterized by a porous structure, and very often the tone is uneven. This is especially noticeable at the tips and in the area of the temples. And if you overdo it with the color corrector, a dark shade may appear.
To calculate the number of mixed mixers, use the rule of “Ten” or “Eleven”.
- According to the rule of Ten: subtract the desired shade of color from ten, in the formula it looks like this: 10-6 (for example) = 4 cm, this is the required number of grams of the corrector. That is, for sixty grams of paint, we take 56 grams of paint of the desired shade + 4 grams (8 cm) of the corrector and add 60 grams of oxidizer (when mixed 1: 1).
- In the rule of Eleven, the formula will be similar: 11-6 (our example) = 5 cm. Five centimeters is equal to 2.5 grams of color corrector. At the output we get the calculation: 55 grams of paint shade + 5 grams of mixton + 60 grams of oxidizer.
Calculation table: rules for working with color corrector
Brightening the color
When the task is to make the shade brighter and richer, the number of mixton in the paint can not exceed 1/4 of the entire mixture.
How to mix: for 60 grams of paint we mix 45 grams of the required shade + 15 grams of the corrector of the required color + 60 grams of the oxidizer
However, not always mixtones give only rage, sometimes it is necessary to dilute the shade a little - in this case a colorless corrector will help. Colorless mixton can be:
- Ammonia - brightening cream, allowing you to change the depth of tone, while enhancing the brightening ability of the dye. It is used both independently (1 to 1 with an oxidizing agent of 3% or 6% with an aging on the hair of no more than 30-40 minutes), and mixed with dyes in a ratio of 1 to 3.
- Ammonia-free - reduce the saturation of the undertones, and therefore allow to achieve pastel shades in coloring. Used in a mixture with dyes in small quantities.
Correction palette - what colors and how are used
- Yellow - helps to remove the purple color, combined with copper, red tones, makes them warmer.
- Orange - gives saturation to warm, copper shades.
- Red - makes brighter red tones, is used to neutralize green.
- Violet - gives intensity to violet tones, neutralizes gold and yellow colors.
- Blue - eliminates orange.
- Green - removes redness.
- Ashen - gives haze to ashen tones, removes copper and orange hues.
- Joker - allows you to make any color lighter. Convenient when working with blond hair.
With proper use paint and hair corrector You can get great results.
How to use Estelle proofreader
Estelle's proofreaders are a handy tool for creating custom shades. If a client asks for one or another tone, professional correctors will help to get it exactly.
The company Estel offers the ESSEX Correct line that is quite popular among hairdressers and stylists. Appreciate it and for the rich color palette, and for the affordable cost. There are both color and colorless mixtones in the series.
- 1.0 / 00A - colorless cream with ammonia - necessary for clarification. It is mixed with oxygen ESSEX 3%, 6%, 9% in a ratio of 1 to 1. The number of the mixtone is calculated as follows: / X (X / XX) (30 g) + 0 / 00A (1-10 g) + oxygenizer ESSEX.
- 2.0 / 00N - colorless neutral cream. It is used to create intermediate tones.
- 3.0.77, 0/66, 0/55, 0/44, 0/33, 0/22, 0/11 are color correctors. They help to increase the intensity of the shade or to remove unwanted tones. Have the consistency of the cream, easy to apply. Ammonia is present. The mixture in a ratio of 1 to 1 is applied to clean dry hair and leave for 35 minutes. You can use to heat infrared rays.
Recommendations on the number of mixtons:
- For 30 g of cream paint ESSEX: 10 / X - 2 cm, 9 / X - 3 cm, 8 / X - 4 cm, 7 / X - 5 cm, 6 / X - 6 cm, 5 / X - 7 cm, 4 / X - 8 cm, 3 / X - 9 cm, 1 / X - 10 cm.
- 30 g cream-paint S-OS - 1 cm.
The recommended formula for calculating the amount of a mikston: X / X (X / XX) (30 g) + 0 / XX (1-10 g) + oxygenating agent ESSEX.
If it is necessary to use the agent as a dye, the desired shade is mixed with ESSEX oxigent 3% in a ratio of 1 to 1. It is also allowed to mix with the ESSEX activator 1.5% in a ratio of 1: 2.
Working with proofreaders requires care and caution, otherwise you may not get the result that was planned.
KOLORISTIKA. ,, From the World by thread, All that I can, I find here.
Neutralization is the absorption of an undesirable shade.
For example: if you dye your hair in a bright tone at level 12 and are afraid of the appearance of undesirable shades (yellow, ashy), you can add a micone to the paint. to neutralize.
I want to share with you my knowledge
.1-ash contains 50% blue + 50% purple
.2 pearl-pale purple
.3 yellow
.4-orange contains 50% yellow 50% red
.5 red
.6 violet contains 50% blue 50% red
.7 brown contains 50% yellow 50% violet
If you consider each shade individually, you can understand what shade will be obtained in combination with the background of clarification, and using neutralization you can get beautiful colors.
Different proportions of a mixture of primary and secondary colors form an uncountable number of intermediate shades.
I want to ask a question about the composition and direction of some pigments. Ash and brown are interested in: what are these two colors made of? In the courses we were told that brown is blue, purple and red, and ashes are blue and purple. If all this is true, then I would like to know the proportions: how much and where? And one more thing: I read everywhere that the red color is warm, and we were told that it is cold. With all the other colors of the spectrum, it seems to be clear, but brown and ashes are complex colors, I want to find out in more detail.
The red color in the palette of shades of hair dyes is warm, because a little yellow is added to it. For correct mixing of the three main subtractive colors you need to take (as I wrote above) yellow, cyan and purple. Purple itself is neither warm nor cold - it is on the verge of neutral.
Brown and ashen are complex colors because they contain all the primary colors in various proportions.
How are different hair colors explained?
Two different types of pigment (melanin)
In fact, electron and light microscopy, as well as chemical studies, allowed us to identify two different types of pigment, i.e. two types of melanin. Of these both forms of melanin, all natural hair colors known to us are formed. Both types of pigment exist in the form of true pigment grains.
Brownish black pigment
The first type of pigment has a dark brown down to an almost black shade. This pigment is responsible for the color saturation, that is, for a light or dark shade of hair color. Depending on the amount of this pigment present in the hair, hair color varies from light blonde to dark brown, up to black. Perhaps you want to know the scientific name of this pigment? He is called "eumelanin." For simplicity, we will henceforth call it “brown-black pigment”.
Red pigment
In addition to the brown-black pigment, there is another type of pigment. Unlike dark pigment grains, this type of pigment looks under a microscope like a tangle on which one can distinguish the thinnest plates. These pigment grains are usually much smaller than black-brown pigments. They are responsible for light blond and red hair. These pigments were given the name "pheomelanin". We call them very simply: “red pigment”.
Brown-black and red pigments behave differently when lightening.
The fact that there are two different pigments in the hair is important. As every experienced practitioner knows, when lightening (bleaching or lightening) dark brown to black hair, red, orange-orange shades are first achieved, which are then radically intensely lightened to a golden-light color. Including when lightening lighter hair, at first it is impossible to avoid the formation of golden-orange to golden shades. It is explained very simply: the brown-black pigment is amenable to our lightening measures, and it also breaks down much more easily than the red pigment, which persists in the hair rather persistently. Even with a stronger lightening in the hair will remain "golden shine", which is explained by the presence of residues of red pigment.
Background lightening - formed under the color when we dye hair. When we act on the natural pigment with oxygen, the black pigment Eumelanin is destroyed and boiling of the pheomelanin occurs which forms an orange color. This process must always be considered. Background clarification is usually taken into account when staining in cold tones.
When stained, the oxide destroys part or all of the hair pigment. The result is a background clarification: a red-yellow precipitate.
Background clarification is needed in order to find out what is under the color when we wash it or repaint it, for coloring in cold tones, for discoloration. When we repaint the hair, we must take into account that the artificial pigment will always be superimposed on the background of lightening.
Level 1 - Black
Level 2 - brown
Level 3 - brown-red
4th level - red-brown
5th level - red
6 level - red-orange
Level 7 - orange
Level 8 - yellow
Level 9 - light yellow
Level 10 - white with gold
When coloring, we take into account that when applying a cosmetic color to the natural pigment (shown during lightening) we get a mixed color that can be calculated knowing the basics of color management.
on the courses Estel
Level 1 - brown
Level 3 - dark red
4th level - red
5th level - orange-red
6 level - orange
Level 7 - yellow-orange
Level 8 - yellow
Level 9 - light yellow
Level 10 - white with gold
About washes. If the number of washes is more than one, then it is better not to wash off the blonding composition, but to brush with a towel, and then apply a new one for the scalp, it will not be better to injure it, and you save time!
" As every experienced practitioner knows , when lightening (discoloration or lightening) of dark brown to black hair, red, orange-orange shades are first achieved, which then, with a radical intensive lightening, are lightened to a golden-light color. Including when lightening lighter hair, at first it is impossible to avoid the formation of golden-orange to golden shades. It is explained very simply: the brown-black pigment is amenable to our lightening measures, and it also breaks down much more easily than the red pigment, which persists in the hair rather persistently. Even with a stronger lightening in the hair will remain "golden shine", which is explained by the presence of residues of red pigment. "
two pigments play a decisive role: eumelanin (black-brown color) and feomelanin (yellow-red), the combination of which gives the whole range of color shades . The predominance of granules of pheomelanin gives the hair a red color.
Melanocytes produce granules of pigments.
Pigments:
pheomelanin - it is difficult to destroy, it is difficult to remove from the hair, it is responsible for the background of clarification
Eumelanin - quickly destroyed, affects the tone level, depth and color direction.
The hair itself is colorless.
The combination of pigments gives color to hair.
The more pigment in the hair, the darker its tone.
Background lightening is the color that is obtained after the partial destruction of the natural pigment.
The hue of the lightening effect affects the final result of the staining.
Tone level = FO Von Lightening (created when interacting with the oxygenator after partial destruction of the pigment. After decaping at the roots it is lighter, darker towards the ends. The smaller the cosmetic pigment, the more visible FO)
10. very very light blond = very light = yellow (70% yellow)
9. very light blond = light yellow (100% yellow)
8. light blond = yellow (70% yellow and slightly orange)
7.blond =dark orange yellow orange (100% orange)
6. dark blond = orange-red (70% orange and 30% red)
5. light brown = red-orange (100% red)
4. brown = red
3. dark brown = dark red
2.Brunet (lots of blue and red) = very dark red
1.black (lots of blue pigments) = very very dark red
from 1-5 red predominates,
c 6-8 orange prevails
from 9-10 yellow prevails
The result is a background clarification from red to yellow. The darker the hair was before dyeing, the redder we will see the background lightening. And blond hair gives a yellow background lightening.
Very many are fixated on the elementary rules of color mixing, so of course it's easier to explain everything. Here, as in mathematics, for convenience, we insert fictional X1 and X2 solutions, assuming that X1 is blue and X2 is purple, if it is not strange if it is explained that X1 and X2 do not influence the course of the decision, that decision is correct. And now let's solve an example:
Base 2/0, desired 3/0. If we take into account that in the background clarification 3/0 contains both red and blue and violet, and we need neutral. Consider Red + Blue = violet + violet = 2 violet. / 0 need to add?
If we raise the color, from 2 to 3 or anywhere else, then the first blue pigment goes to us, as the weakest.
Therefore, on courses you were taught that at level 3 we have violet.
Now we look at what we do.
Blue leaves and with each level we will have less and less of it, and red more and more.
Red as we know is neutralized by green.
I think many manufacturers, therefore, natural base and pours greens. So it will be correct.
= why red and blue and purple, only red and blue, this is violet .. blue disappears against the background of lightening (well, something is being eaten), and the red pigment always climbs .. well, something like that ..
And now about the main thing: When a natural pigment of hair is affected by bleaching compounds, the pigment itself is destroyed, that is, two pigments REDNED and BROWN BLACK, their molecular lattice changes and we see the manifestation of red and yellow shades of BLUE PIGMENT in the hair does not exist. You yourself are convinced of this every time, but a standardized, unified theory hammered into your head prevents you from looking at the problem more broadly.
On the BES color courses, we were given such a plate of natural pigments.
Level 1-KKKKS,
2-kkk
3-kk
4-KKZH
5-KKZHZH
6-QOL
7-LCD
8-F
9-F
10-G, where K-red pigment, C-blue, F-yellow
They do not take. This is a purely theoretical C pigment, which shows how dark and deep red is at 1. That's all.
In fact, the blue color in natural hair is, how to correctly explain, the “apparent color”, which is determined by the structure of the hair or the structure of the pigment. As soon as this structure (primary structure) is broken (coloring, burnout in the sun, etc.), the blue color disappears. It shows the real color of the pigment to which we are accustomed.
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Hello! I scoured everything, but I just can not find the technology of prepigmentation. I need to make dark chocolate out of strongly streaked hair. I will be very grateful if you help me.
= In all firms, prefigmentation is given in different ways.
Someone repels from the lack of background clarification if you need 5-0, then there is not enough red pigment and pre-pigment with the red mixtone, 6-0 with copper, if with 8-0 yellow-mikston diluted with water to the state of liquid sour cream.
Another way 6-0 desired color is pre-pigmented a tone higher than 7-0 with water
They also take 1: 3 per tone lower with water, after 30 minutes the pigment with oxide is oxidized 1.9%
Or they do not pre-pigment at all, but add 1: 4 gold to the paint 5-7 40g + 5-3 10g
Dialogues: useful.
Help me figure it out. I'm still learning. We work on Estel. Passed the theme "Backgrounds lightening hair." I wanted to drive a photo of one table here, but it didn't work out. (I will try to explain this. For example: a nuance of 5/3 falls on a red-orange background: yellow + orange + red = brown. For the manifestation of gold, you need to add a 0/33 corrector. I don’t understand at all. Explain once again about these correctors in a simpler language. Why exactly 0/33 proofreader?
= Let's analyze this formula: yellow + orange (this is f + k) + red
where is the brown here? here 2zh and 2k = orange. To get brown, we need a little blue, and for the manifestation of gold, we really need to strengthen gold, i.e. 0.33
in this situation, we do not need neutralization, because we need a warm shade, especially when we neutralize blue, we will not only fade, but also get dirt in this particular case.
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PRELIMINARY PIGMENTATION
Pre-pigmentation - is the pre-saturation of the hair coloring pigment. This procedure allows the dye to be more saturated and high quality on the hair. It is used for dyeing gray hair, as well as for dyeing highly porous hair and darkening.
PRELIMINARY PIGMENTING FOR COLORING POROUS HAIR
Porous hair is famous for its inconstancy, that is, they do not like long relationships with coloring pigments. As a result of such a feature, the color does not hold for a long time, quickly fades and is washed out. In order to prevent and prevent this situation, you can make a preliminary pigmentation, which will strengthen the union of coloring pigments and cortex and keep it for a long time.
The only thing that should be feared in this case is a slight darkening of the hair due to excessive saturation of the hair with the pigment.
Application:
1. Take the dye and mix it with water in a ratio of 1: 3. It should be borne in mind that the smaller the degree of porosity, the stronger the dye will be diluted. So, with weak porosity, it is permissible to mix the dye with warm water in a ratio of 1: 8.
2. Apply to problem porous areas of hair. Comb your hair for a more uniform result.
3. There is no time exposure. Do not rinse, proceed to staining.
Background Dimming
The problem of the appearance of an undesirable shade appears not only when the hair is lightened, but also when it is darkened; So, for example, when dimming a very light blond in a light brown color, a pleasant swamp color will appear.
But a natural question arises: why does an undesirable color appear, because we do not need to lighten the pheo-melanin. The answer lies in its absence. Indeed, in order for a light brown color to turn out on the client's hair (see the previous example), the presence of orange-red pigment of the pheo-melanin is necessary, and we have only light yellow. So this is why the greenness appears - due to the lack of the necessary feo-melanin.
To avoid the appearance of an undesirable shade, you must first saturate the hair with the missing pigment or add it to the basic color formula. If you carefully review the previous table, you can find the answer to this question. We will ease the problem by bringing the blackout background neutralization table:
REVERSE MELIATION
Reverse highlighting is the creation of a bleached hair effect on fully or partially bleached or bleached hair.
It often happens that the client highlights the hair to such a state that it becomes evenly white and the effect of highlighting is maintained only at the roots. Every master has ever encountered a situation where a client wants to regain the look of a classic highlighting. Reverse highlighting is intended for these cases. Unlike classical highlighting, a dye will be the staining tool. It is very important to take into account the porosity of the hair and its lightness (it is necessary to remember about the background blackout)
Application:
1. Mix a permanent dye with an oxidizing agent in the ratio of 1: 1 or 1.5: 1 (the mixing ratio is selected based on the characteristics of the hair structure). Oxidizer must choose 3% or 6% (depending on the manufacturer).
2. Apply to all hair using the selected tool, using darning (the type of darning is determined individually).
3. The exposure time of 30-35 minutes (depending on the dye).
4. At the end of the exposure time, rinse the hair well with water. Wash with shampoo.
Red hair at any level of depth of tone contains orange (yellow-red) as the main color pigment.
The non-standard set of the color of pheomelanin contains ash hair - because under the blue pigment of eumelanin there is always a huge amount of pheomelanin.
Tone Depth Level (UGT) = 5.5 is characterized by the presence of two parts of orange and one part of red.
Knowledge of the content of the pigment of the pheo-melanin in the hair makes it possible to obtain clearer and cleaner color nuances. To neutralize an undesirable shade that appears during clarification or darkening, you need to use rule No. 2, that is, to neutralize the emerging shade. For ease of determining the ratio of the level of depth of tone and background clarification, you need to use the neutralization table.
Preparation for mixing paints
First select the desired shade. Then mix a small amount of paint and try to put it on a separate strand, from the bottom, so that in case of failure, hide it in the hairdo. Soak time according to the instructions, wash and dry. Decide if the color you want is the one you want.
The palette, the paint sold in stores, is different from the palette of professional hair dyes. Professional paint has a greater choice of colors and possibilities to mix them together, as well as the possibility of varying with the percentage of oxidizer.
You need to know what color is in the paint. This will help to choose and mix the dyes, to obtain the desired shade.
Mix paint in a glass or ceramic dish, in any case not in metal. Be sure to use gloves.
How to mix hair dyes
So how to mix colors of paints? First mix one paint according to the instructions on the package, then the other, in different utensils. After that, mix both colors by combining and mixing thoroughly with a brush in the same container. Immediately after mixing, apply the paint on the hair and leave for the time specified in the instructions.
Chemical reactions, when mixing paints, occur very transiently. Therefore, dye your hair quickly, but carefully. Do not leave mixed paint for storage. After 30 minutes, the hair dye reacts with the air and becomes unusable.
If the color on the roots differs, dye your hair one color before mixed dyeing. On different types of hair, the same color looks different. And the degree of staining depends on the exposure time.
In professional hair colors, there is a certain gradation. In it, the first number indicates the level of lightness (tone of paint), from 1 to 10, where 1 is the darkest - black, 10 - blond. The second digit (after the point) means shades (auxiliary tones). For example, 7.13: 7 is natural blonde, 1 is a purple ashy pigment, 3 is a red pigment. The result is a light brown color with a warm ash tint. This paint can be mixed, for example, with paint 7.3. As a result, you will get a light brown color, but the main shade will be red (3), slightly smoothed by ashen (1).
